SIMPLE PAST TENSE & PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Simple Past Tense & Present Perfect Tense
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Simple Past Tense formula
This tense consists of a combination of simple aspects (at a specific time) and past (past) time frames.
| Shape | Simple Past Tense formula | Example of sentences |
| Positive (+) | Subject + verb 2 + object Subject + to be (was / were) + adjective/adverb | · We attended the festival last week · She was absent yesterday |
| Negative (-) | Subject + did not + infinitive verb + object Subject + was / were + not + adjective / adverb | · We did not attend the festival last week · She was not absent yesterday |
| Interrogative (?) | · Did + subject + infinitive verb + object? · Was / were + subject + adjective / adverb? | · Did they attend the festival last week? · Was she absent yesterday? |
Adverb of time
In the simple past tense sentence, usually a description of the time when an event occurs, is as follows:
| a) A year or month that has passed | · In 1945, Indonesia successfully got its independence from Japan · On February 2015, my parents moved to the United States |
| b) The time phrase preceded by the last, such as: last week, last month, last year, last holiday | · I graduated last month Last night, I had a date with my boyfriend |
| c) The time phrase followed by ago, such as: three months ago, a few days ago, one year ago | · My passport expired one year ago · The legendary singer Prince died a few days ago |
| d) Other time statements that state the past, such as: yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning | She did not come to the office yesterday · I had my breakfast this morning |
User
| Use | Example of sentences |
| a) To describe an event that occurred at a definite time in the past | · I met my husband in 2014 · We visited Sydney for our honeymoon |
| b) To explain events that took place in a period in the past | · Rose attended Harvard University for four years as an undergraduate · Royton lived abroad for five years |
| c) To show a habit or action that is repeated in the past | · Alex swam a lot while he was on holiday - When I lived in Tokyo, I always walked a mile to my school every day |
| d) To express self-perceptions and emotions that were felt in the past | · Reese always knew that she wanted to be a lawyer · I was so happy during my study in New York |
| e) To explain the possession or possession in the past | · She did not have a car when she was in college · My family did not own a house |
The present perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb have or has , and the past participle (verb- 3). Have is used for I , you , and plural subjects such as:
- Plural pronoun (they, we)
- Plural noun (boys, men)
- Compound subject with the conjunction "and" (you and I, Tom and Jack)
Meanwhile, has for the singular subject, such as:
- Third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it)
- Singular noun (Tom, man).
Positive statement sentences
- I / You / We / They + have + verb 3 (They have lived in Jakarta for a long time)
- He / She / It + has + verb 3 (He has learned English for one year)
Negative statement
- I / You / We / They + have + not + verb 3 (They have not lived in Jakarta for a long time)
- He / She / It + has + not + verb 3 (He has not learned English for one year)
Question / interrogative sentences
- Have + I / You / We / They + verb 3? (Have they lived in Jakarta for a long time?)
- Has + He / She / It + verb 3? (Has he learned English for one year?)
Adverbs of time
- Yet
- Already
- Just
- Ever
- Never
And when we speak of unfinished actions or a particular situation, then we can use:
- For
- Since
Perfect Time to Use the Present Perfect Tense
its characteristics with the following example of a time statement .
- Already
- Just
- Recently / lately
- Ever
- Yet
- For + time description showing past to present
- Since + information about the time that shows the first time the event or activity started.
Examples of Present Perfect Tense Sentences
If implemented into a sentence. How about an example?
Talk about experiences
- I have been to France.
- I think I have seen that movie before.
A change
- You have grown since the last time I saw you.
- Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
Achievements or results.
- Our son has learned how to read.
- Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Unfinished activity
- James has not finished his homework yet.
- Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
Several activities that occur over a different period of time
- The army has attacked that city five times.
- I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
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